Navi Mumbai International Airport
Hills levelled and mangrove replaced by runways and terminals over six dry seasons.
1,171.2 hectares changed — vegetation cleared · Before: 1 Nov 2018 – 28 Feb 2019 · After: 1 Nov 2024 – 28 Feb 2025 · 18.990, 73.070
BEFORE 2019-02
AFTER 2025-02
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1,171.2 haarea changed
159areas flagged
6,416 haarea examined
2satellites used
What changed, by type
742.8 haVegetation cleared
200.5 haNew construction / earthworks
74.3 haunclassified
69.4 haBurnt ground
53.9 haNew water / flooding
22.8 haWater disappeared
7.6 haNew vegetation
Land changes in both directions at once. SCOPE reports every type it measured, not only the one that makes the better headline.
What SCOPE found
Vegetation cleared — 390.7 ha
1.2 km south · between 4 Nov 2018 and 26 Jan 2025 · 94% sure
1.2 km south · between 4 Nov 2018 and 26 Jan 2025 · 94% sure
Vegetation cleared — 196.5 ha
2.7 km north-east · between 4 Nov 2018 and 31 Jan 2025 · 90% sure
2.7 km north-east · between 4 Nov 2018 and 31 Jan 2025 · 90% sure
New construction / earthworks — 76.8 ha
1.4 km south-west · between 4 Nov 2018 and 26 Jan 2025 · 94% sure
1.4 km south-west · between 4 Nov 2018 and 26 Jan 2025 · 94% sure
New construction / earthworks — 31.7 ha
4.5 km south-west · 80% sure
4.5 km south-west · 80% sure
Vegetation cleared — 25.9 ha
2.9 km west · between 4 Nov 2018 and 31 Jan 2025 · 89% sure
2.9 km west · between 4 Nov 2018 and 31 Jan 2025 · 89% sure
How sure is this?
The strongest area (#1) has 94% confidence. It appears in 6 of 6 later clear images, so it is not a one-day artefact. Radar confirmed some of these areas; the others rest on optical and seasonal evidence. Compared with the same season in earlier years, this is clearly unusual. Only 77% of the area had clear optical views, so some change may be hidden by cloud. Note: One optical window has a single clear acquisition; persistence checks are weaker. Confidence measures how strong the evidence for real surface change is; it does not identify the cause or who did it.
How it was measured
SCOPE used Sentinel-2 optical imagery at 10 m, cloud-masked and combined over each
period, Sentinel-1 radar as an independent check
, and the same season in earlier years so normal seasonal change is not reported as real change.
The analysis took 40 seconds.
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